Life With Mom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An existence With Mom - Essay Example It was 12 years in 1998 when my mom and I advanced toward Las Vegas; the much praised party town of United States of America. In 1998, at the Excalibur Hotel where we both remained resembled a mammoth medieval stronghold that gulped us like a small residue molecule through a colossal vacuum cleaner that we call extravagance. From the earliest starting point of our appearance to Las Vegas the MGM Grand Hotel with all its encompassing legends in regards to its rambling lavish foundations appealed us to make a visit to that place. Thus, in one blistering and dry Vegas evening we went for a little stroll and after a concise timeframe stood directly before the unselfishness of the cutting edge Vegas. An enormous brilliant lion over the passage invited us, yet luckily, without a thunder. Before long our effectively captivated spirits advanced into the lodging and abruptly we ended up before a mammoth TV where no other than Elvis Presley was singing and moving. Wine has an amusing thing; it turns out to be valuable as it gets old thus does Presley. At long last a gambling club separated the methods of my mother and me. The club was by a wide margin the biggest we have seen and with no contention dealt with singular inclinations when it made a difference. The blackjack table drew me as light attracts a creepy crawly to gradually consume itself yet remembers to designate a lot of warmth before it goes it to cinders. My mom had different attractions and before long made her alright with the clattering quarter gaming machines. One thing you can be have confidence about the club, here on one hand you will discover euphoric card sharks, shouting their throats out in bliss with each coin they win and on different yells not all that happy and somewhat loaded up with smothered displeasure wreck your ears with each progressive misfortune they cause. Our involvement in this specific club was the same and we fairly preferred it. Following 30 minutes of clamor I felt my motherâ₠¬â„¢s guaranteeing hands on my shoulder and with a grin and an after tap of applause she pronounced that she had recently won $1400.00 and we should leave while we are wining. To be honest talking, from the outset I wasn’t upbeat about leaving so early yet when she demonstrated me the dollars she had recently won; I quit my game and left with my blissful mother to look for another experience in Las Vegas. After all karma resembles a southern breeze that may change sides with a wink of an eye. In the event that life were just a matter of gambling clubs and gatherings, maybe Santa would have lost his employment. Two ladies with age contrasts and weaved through a social connection called mother and little girl will undoubtedly rub their shoulders against one another however not generally on the grounds that Michal Jordon has put a container. My mother and me were no exemption. As I recall in a mid year evening that was sweltering enough to heat up our mind we both sat in our kit chen and typical talks were being traded. Her eyes were fixed into a magazine yet she was progressively immersed on discussing Uncle Tom and Aunt Joanne that I had discovered pointless impedance. I never felt being an individual person one ought to superfluously meddle into my own life and I should regard the equivalent about him. Consequently I halted my mom in doing as such and that released her displeasure upon me. Everything began with her pestering my weight that had nothing to manage it that second; annoyed to the edge I tossed some virus water to her that was quickly replied by tossing of some

Bhopal Gas Leak and BP Oil Spill

Bhopal and BP. They are two names that would sound familiar to any individual who knows about mechanical fiascos. Bhopal is a city in India where a modern debacle in 1984 murdered thousands individuals and debilitated several thousands. BP (British Petroleum, BP Plc. ,), then again is the name of an oil organization (a vitality industry too major) that showed up in universal features as of late for causing the most exceedingly terrible marine oil slick in history.The number of setbacks related with BP oil slick is somewhat irrelevant however harm the spill caused on condition and economy of some American states were enormous and it is positioned among major mechanical catastrophes. In both these debacles it was the corporate houses that were off base. Association Carbide (UCC), the organization that ran the pesticide plant in Bhopal, disregarded the security estimates required while dealing with harmful materials and in the BP oils spill it is the carelessness of British Petroleum th at prompted the mishap on the oil rig â€Å"Deepwater Horizon† that wound up in the oil slick, which the organization couldn’t stop for weeks.Though isolated in time by decades and space by a huge number of miles, both these catastrophes are associated in numerous regards. Inquisitively enough the last court decision on the corporate guilty parties of Bhopal debacle came when BP was occupied with topping the oil release a large number of meters underneath the ocean. In 1984 when the methyl isocyanate gas spill executed thousands in Bhopal the main thing Union Carbide the board did was to accused another person. In those years when Sikh militancy and psychological warfare were high in India UCC said the mishap was the aftereffect of fear monger movement (no one gave any consideration to it).This year when the oil slick started in the Gulf of Mexico the main thing BP too attempted to even think about doing was to accused others â€on Transocean Ltd (the organization wh ich possessed the oil apparatus) and Halliburton, the organization which fabricated the victory moderator valve on the oil well. The media ridiculed this and BP dropped the procedure. In the Bhopal the US based partnership at that point contended that it ought not be considered lawfully mindful in light of the fact that the Indian auxiliary was a different lawful individual with negligible ties with US. At the hour of the mishap the UCC-situated in New York City †claimed 50. 9% of the UCC India Ltd. , 22% possessed by govt.of India and the rest by Indian residents. The US court hearing the request against UCC acknowledged the company’s conflict and excused India’s supplications for equity. Later on helpful ground the organization consented to pay $470 million as pay to casualties of gas catastrophe. In that pre-globalization period, India as a creating nation had for all intents and purposes no clout over the US worldwide organization lastly it needed to fulfill i tself with arraigning the Indian man specialist of UCC India Ltd. On account of BP oil slick too it was a case of an organization enrolled in one nation making issues in another country.In the underlying stage BP the board attempted to depict the risk issues as US activity against British industry and ward of reformatory activities. On account of BP oil slick, alongside the updates on spouting unrefined spreading everywhere throughout the Gulf of Mexico, discusses nailing the corporate duty to BP likewise showed up in the features. There was extraordinary weight on president Osama’s organization to act intense on BP and it made BP to settle up $20 billion for the tidy up activity. In the BP oil slick case the partnership needed to bow before the legislature. It was an organization from a more fragile nation against a worldwide super force; US at last had its way.The CEO of BP had to possess up duty regarding the disaster and venture down. 1 Pearce, Frank, Tombs, Steve (1990), ‘Ideology, Hegemony, And Empiricism: Compliance Theories of Regulation’, The British Journal of Criminology 30:423-443 2 Murru ,Maurizio (2004), ‘Bhopal 20 Years On: Globalization And Corporate Responsibility’, Health Policy And Development 250 volume 2 number 3 December 3 Amnesty International, 2004, Clouds of unfairness, Bhopal debacle 20 years on, London 4 Broughton, Edward (2005), ‘The Bhopal fiasco and its consequence: a review’, Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 4:6

Set Theory and other Shenanigans

Set Theory and other Shenanigans Find a Set: Set is a visual card game. Sets in Set consist of 3 cards that, for each of their four characteristics, are either all the same or all different. A set must meet ALL of the following conditions: be all the same color or all different colors be all the same shape or all different shapes be all the same fill or all different fillings have all the same number of symbols, or all different numbers of symbols There is exactly one set in that board of 20 cards. Find it before reading on. Set is rather popular on my floor, Conner 3. My suite has a card deck that just lives on the lounge table, waiting to catch the eye of unsuspecting psetters to distract them for hours. Sometimes we’ll just play classic games with each other, and other times we’ll get more creative. Recently we invented Memory Set, which is played like Memory, just with 81 cards, sets of 3, and more insanity. It also happens to be impossible. What also is impossible is the challenge I gave you there isn’t a single set in the whole board though I hope you had a merry chase trying to find one. This is incredibly unlikely; boards of 12 rarely don’t have sets, and boards of 15 almost always contain at least one. In fact, 20 is the mathematical limit. I know this because I spent two hours last week finding it, in a coding competition at 3am. It all started innocently enough, with Jeff ‘18, Matt ‘16, and myself psetting, chatting, and desperately trying to procrastinate. We dealt out some Set cards, but instead started thinking about probability and combinatorics how many possible sets are there? (1080) What is the average number of sets in a 12-card board? (2.78) How many cards can you have without having any sets? () As it turns out, this was a surprisingly difficult question to answer. None of our preliminary approaches worked, and we couldn’t translate the problem into abstract mathematical ideas like matrices or vectors that we could solve easily. We tried arranging cards ourselves, but the most we could manage was sixteen. Even Colin ‘16, our resident math major, after sitting in silence for 10 minutes, could only give us “an upper bound of 37.” I’m still not sure whether he made that up or not. Math majors are like that. From here, we could have given up. We could have chuckled, Googled the answer, and gone back to our work. But instead, the conversation took a distinctively MIT-esque turn: Matt: You know… we could brute force this in Python pretty easily. Jeff: Are you sure? I don’t think it’s that simple. *tentative pause* *quick glance* Me: It’s on. Let’s race. And thus the 3am coding competition was born. First we had to set (sorry) up a general interface for dealing with sets: I chose to define a card as a 4-element array of integers between 0 and 2, inclusively, where each index represented a characteristic and each integer represented a specific variant. This way, I could easily check to see if 3 cards made a set using modulus instead of having to nest a ton of “if” statements. However, I didn’t really have a clue of what to do with the actual algorithm logic. Since there are 81 cards in a deck, it definitely wasn’t feasible to manually check all possible boards: there are over 710^13 possible boards with just 12 cards, and we knew that the answer was more than that (although we did have an upper bound of 37). However, Matt found a much more efficient brute-force algorithm (which is not quite an oxymoron) and emerged with the magic number in less than half an hour: 20. From here, he wrote a translator to convert the meaningless stack of arrays that represented the “winning board” to a list of twenty plain-English card names: “Single Red Hollow Squiggle,” “Triple Green Striped Diamond,” and so forth. We found those cards in our real deck, laid them out on the table, and, lo and behold, there were no sets to be found. It wasn’t our most productive night ever. But this sort of spontaneity permeates MIT this is just one example and I love it. Yes, the routine of “pset, study, repeat” is hard, but the interjections of adventures that seem like they’re just waiting to happen make the academic grind at least partially enjoyable. Plus, we can now nerd snipe Set players! To me, a brute-force Python script is a sufficiently elegant solution, but others might disagree. If anyone is interested in the deeper mathematics behind why 20 is the answer, you should check out this paper. Also, if anyone knows somebody who is an avid Set enthusiast, you should find a deck and deal out the board at the top of this post. Then invite them over and nonchalantly tell them that it has exactly one set. Believe me; its fun.

Analysis Of Sharon M. Drapers Copper Sun - 1144 Words

In the novel, Copper Sun, Sharon M. Draper quotes a fictional auctioneer: â€Å"Do I hear more than ten pounds for this fine example of African womanhood? Hardly a scratch on her. Bright enough to be taught simple commands, like ‘Come here’ and ‘Lie down’† (52). Amari, the terrified teenager the auctioneer was talking about, was recently taken from her home, chained, and crammed into a slave ship set for America. While on the slave ship, people underwent hunger, sickness, thirst, rape, and death. Though Sharon M. Draper wrote these characters as fictional, they correctly portray people that have lived during that time period. Because of this, Copper Sun is historically accurate and correctly depicts the story of an African girl, as well as the†¦show more content†¦According to FMM in an article titled Francisco Menendez, this was true because in the 1740’s, England attacked Fort Mose, but most of the citizens there were already moved t o the protection of St. Augustine. Sharon M. Draper was able to accurately depict the characters, while also giving them their own story. Although most of the characters in the novel are fictional, many of the places they go to are real. Towards the end of the story, Amari, Polly, and Tidbit escape the Derby’s and head for Fort Mose, a place in Florida where slaves can be freed, which in fact, is true. In an article by PBS, called Fort Mose, Fort Mose was a society of laborers and growers who integrated approaching fugitives, slaves, and Indians from nearby places into an involved family chain. Fort Mose was located two miles north of St. Augustine, and was controlled by the Spanish at the time (PBS). Another major setting in Copper Sun is the Derby Plantation. Though the plantation is not a real place, it resembles what a plantation was like back then. For instance, the hut Polly and Amari lived in was a single room with little outside light and made of rough wooden planks. Like the other huts, the floor was dirt, but other huts around them were made of mud and clay (Draper). SciWay supports Draper’s por trayal of the huts in their article, The Lives of African-American Slaves in Carolina During the

PGs Pert Plus a Pan-European Product - 1141 Words

PGS Pert Plus: A Pan-European Product? QUESTION 1 How attractive is the pan-European market for Pert Plus in terms of demand potential? Competition? Any cannibalization problems? PG is an international supplier of consumer goods it is a global leader in health and beauty care products, detergents, diapers and food . PGs presence in the hair care market in the U.S has been strengthened by innovative technology BC-18 and the replacement of an old brand Pert with Pert Plus- a mild shampoo with a fully effective conditioner. PG decided to introduce BC-18 in Europe. Traditionally, the European market is highly competitive the main rivals are Colgate, Unileaver, and LOreal. The European market is segmented (i.e. value based) and†¦show more content†¦Brand choice? Should the BC 18 technology be introduced with a pan European name, or with local brand names, or even with a mixture of both approaches? Research indicates in Europe there are large price differences among hair care products. PG has decided that it should place the new shampoo in the premium-priced segment; this is done in order to keep up the image of the shampoo as a high quality and innovative product. PG should charge premium price in each country to be sold for 4.99 DM for the 200 ml bottle and for 5.99 DM for the 250 ml bottle in all the countries which had had been accepted during the consumer tests. The company cannot charge a price very few people can afford, this will also not be profitable for the company. PG is to become a leader in the European market of two in one hair products. The first year objective is to attract new European customers from competing brands to shift to the use of shampoo to BC-18. The aim is to exert a pull on the population in order to create a new market niche inside the shampoo market and encourage the people to use the new BC-18. In effect BC-18 technology serves the core need of washing hair and therefore it has to compete with the different national brands which are often well established. As I see, the BC-18 technology should be introduced with a mixture of both approaches—with a pan-European name and local brand names. If we just introduceShow MoreRelatedPGs Pert Plus: a Pan- European Brand?636 Words   |  3 PagesQ1. How attractive is the Pan- European market for pert plus in terms of demand potential? Competition? Pan- European market is quite attractive for pert plus    in terms of demand as the consumers test results showed that the product concept of wash go their (time-saving benefits) 28% consumers said that they would definalty buy the product that was only 1 percent less then already established bran there Vidal Sasson. Also because they are gradually accepting the idea of 2-in-1 shampoo more

Defining Terrorism Free Essays

string(69) " a military and most importantly the terrorist goes after civilians\." If people around the world were surveyed and asked to define terrorism, the answers would be seemingly endless. It has been said, â€Å"one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter. † From culture to culture, people view terrorism in a different way. We will write a custom essay sample on Defining Terrorism or any similar topic only for you Order Now An inherent definition of terrorism would be the act of creating terror, but not everyone is terrified of the same thing. So how then is it possible to come up with one definition for the word? â€Å"A 2003 study by Jeffrey Record for the US Army quoted a source that counted 109 definitions of terrorism that covered a total of 22 different definitional elements. [1] In the book Understanding Terrorism, the author Anthony Marsella comes up with â€Å"four problems associated with efforts to define terrorism today: (a) there have been historical changes in the definition, (b) media and states have been inconsistent in their use of the term, (c) there are multiple definitions across agencies even within a single country such as the United States, and (d) there is international disagreement on the definition of the term. †[2] Some views of terrorism say that it must have political goals, while other do not believe this. Some views state that it must be innocents or civilians who are the victims, while other definitions do not believe this. Another argument is whether or not the terrorists must be non-state actors. Definitions are different based on whether they were created for legal purposes or international agencies. In this paper, I will go through some of the different arguments in order to provide a clearer sense of what terrorism truly means in this day in age. Most books written on terrorism begin by giving a definition of the word in the author’s opinion in order to put it into context for the remainder of the book. The entire first chapter of Bruce Hoffman’s book Inside Terrorism is dedicated to trying to define terrorism. Terrorism now seems to be a part of our everyday life. It appears as though every act of violence is perceived as being ‘terrorism. ’ Every time violence occurs people immediately think terrorism. The term terrorism is so hard to define and there is so much controversy about how to define it that it is easy to make the assumption that all violence is terrorism. At the same time, because of the controversy, many media sources are reluctant to use the word. Instead, they give attacks different titles. The Oxford Canadian Dictionary defines terrorism as the â€Å"systematic employment of violence and intimidation to coerce a government or community, especially into acceding to specific political demands. †[3] This definition might satisfy Hoffman because he believes it must be stressed that terrorism is the use or threat of violence to achieve a political aim. [4] Without a political aim, there cannot be terrorism. Nor can there be terrorism without the threat or use of violence. Hoffman believes it is difficult to define terrorism because of its ever-changing meaning throughout history. A factor that makes defining terrorism difficult is that the definition has changed over time. The original definition of the word is no longer the definition used today. The word originally gained support during the French Revolution as part of the â€Å"Reign of Terror. † The purpose was to scare people in order to prevent further revolutions from occurring. The terror was created by the state. Although the definition has changed since the â€Å"Reign of Terror,† there are two points that are similar in today’s definition. First, the regime de la terreur was neither random nor indiscriminate, as terrorism is often portrayed today, but was organized, deliberate, and systematic. †[5] Terrorists plan out their attacks, they are not random or spur of the moment. Targets in present day are often chosen based on what will receive the most media attention. â€Å"Second, its goal and its very justification was the creation of a â€Å"new and better society† in place of a fundamentally corrupt and undemocratic politically system. †[6] Simply put, terrorist attacks occur in order to achieve a political goal. Later, during the Industrial Revolution, Carlo Pisacane argued that the most effective way to publicize his cause was through violence, and that no other means would generate the same amount of attention. [7] This revolutionary-style terrorism remained up until the First World War. â€Å"By the 1930s the meaning of â€Å"terrorism† had changed again and was used to describe the practices of mass repression employed by totalitarian states and their dictatorial leaders against their own citizens. †[8] After the Second World War, the term returned to the original connation of a revolutionary type act. Up until the 1960s, terrorism was largely considered to be domestic. In the late 1960s and 1970s, terrorism began to become more international. It is important to discuss the three types of terrorism: international, domestic and â€Å"new terrorism. † Domestic terrorism is terrorism that takes place against people within your country. International terrorism is terrorism that takes place against people by a group that is not native to the country. New terrorism may have no political aims, but instead are more religious based and mainly concern themselves with destruction. The textbook The Globalization of World Politics states that there are â€Å"three factors that led to the birth of transnational terrorism: the expansion of air travel; the wider availability of televised news coverage; and the broad common political and ideological interests. †[9] These terrorist attacks initially took form in airplane hijackings, but as security tightened up, the terrorists instead chose American targets in foreign countries. Since the September 11th attacks on the United States, international terrorism is mainly what people think of when they think of terrorism. Those attacks were very publicized and had a huge impact on international relations. As well as understanding the different types of terrorism, it is also important to distinguish the difference between a terrorist, a guerrilla and a ‘freedom fighter. ’ â€Å"The freedom fighter conducts a campaign to liberate his people from dictatorial oppression, gross disarmament, or the grip of an occupying power. †[10] A guerrilla is fighting against a military and most importantly the terrorist goes after civilians. You read "Defining Terrorism" in category "Papers" Any group can use terrorism to achieve their goals. In the book Terrorism: The New World Order, Fotion et al explain that there are narrow and broad views of terrorism. The narrower views insist that victims of terrorism must be innocent. A problem with the narrower view is that although it is most often innocents who are targeted by terrorists, they did not see a distinction. Whether they target a military organization or innocent civilians, they are performing terrorist acts. Their objective does not change based on who they are attacking from one day to the next. Their goal is to demoralize their opponent. It is very hard to differentiate the difference between a guerrilla and a terrorist. Although a guerrilla would be attacking military personnel, they could be labelled differently based on their intentions. They could be attacking merely to kill and weaken their opponents or they could be attacking in order to scare the opponents into possibly retreating. By defining terrorism as only attacking civilians, it makes analyzing terrorism a lot more difficult. Fotion et al discussed the paradigmatic scheme, which represents the most generally accepted view of a terrorist attack. [11] â€Å"An attacking group (or individual) victimizes some group of people by harming or killing them. The attackers then escape either before, during or after the victimizing event. Others, seeing what has happened to the victim group become terrorized (frightened, anxious, etc. ). We will call this the immediate effect or result of the process of creating victims. While in their state of terror, they pressure their government to change its political outlook in a way that satisfies the goals of the attackers and, most likely, displeases the government and many of its people. This pressure and resulting changes count as the secondary effect or result of the victimization process. [12] The book Terrorism: The New World Order points out that the word terrorism is seen as having negative connotation, so those who are often labelled as such, would try and find a definition that does not apply to them. [13] â€Å"Those labelled â€Å"terrorists† by their opponents rarely identify themselves as such, and typically use other terms or terms specific to their situation, such as separat ist, freedom fighter, liberator, revolutionary, vigilante, militant, paramilitary, guerrilla, rebel or any similar-meaning word in other languages and cultures. [14] In the past, people did not hide behind these labels and proclaimed themselves as terrorists and their tactics to be terrorism. [15] This inability for people to acknowledge they are terrorists makes coming up with a definition near impossible. Robert Keeley wrote an entire article about trying to define terrorism. In this article he pointed out that freedom fighters and terrorists are two different things, however freedom fighters often use terrorism. [16] Keeley believes aims of terrorism include â€Å"to advertise for the terrorists’ cause and to weaken morale on the attacked side and build up morale on the attacking side. [17] Because of the pejorative connotation of the word, during warfare, groups often label their opponents as ‘terrorists’ in order to gain more support for their own side. Thi s furthers the difficulty of defining terrorism, as everyone wants to say their opponent is a ‘terrorist,’ which makes everyone a terrorist. At the end of his article, Keeley did not seem to be any closer to finding a true definition than at the beginning. In the book Terrorism: Origins and Evolution, Lutz and Lutz say there are six main parts to defining terrorism. They believe that violence is directed to political ends and that there must in fact be violence or a serious threat of violence. Terrorism must affect a wide range of people, not just the victims of the action. People need to be aware when a terrorist act has happened; there must be an audience. If no one is aware of an occurrence, then the attack has failed. Terrorism is organized and it is performed by a non-state actor. It is important to note the difference between war and terrorism. In simplest words, a war is a conflict between two organized groups. The difference between a war and terrorism is that terrorism occurs by a non-state organization. In recent years, with the availability of the Internet, it has become much easier for terrorists to spread their ideas. It is now simpler to gain the audience that is required to be a successful terrorist. Finally, they believe that terrorism is a weapon of the weak. Terrorist acts occur when the terrorists have no other options in order to achieve their political goals. [18] Though there are many definitions for the word terrorism, it seems that all the definitions stressed that it is political in nature. The act is used to achieve a political aim through the means of violence. Terrorists do not require extensive supplies and the goal is to gain support and demoralize their opponent. As long as those who may be seen as terrorists find other names to describe themselves, unwilling to admit that they are a terrorist, I believe it will continue to be difficult to agree on a specific definition. With no one willing to admit to being a terrorist, the word becomes completely subjective. There will always be controversy over finding one definition, especially with the â€Å"new terrorism† in which religion plays a huge role. These terrorists want nothing, but to create terror and cause destruction. They do not fit in the accepted definition of violence with a political motive, yet what they are doing is creating terror and therefore should be considered terrorism. People will find ways to describe themselves as anything but, and their opponents will try to stress that they are in facts terrorists. â€Å"Terrorism is ultimately a form of psychological warfare, nd it is designed to induce fear. †[19] BIBLIOGRAPHY Baylis, John, and Steve Smith. Globalization of World Politics an Introduction to International Relations. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Bisset, Alex, ed. â€Å"Terrorism. † The Canadian Oxford Paperback Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000. Fotion, Nicholas, Joanne K. Lekea, and Boris Kashnikov. Terrorism The New World Dis order (Think Now). New York: Continuum International Group, 2008. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. Jackson, Robert, and Georg Sorensen. Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Keeley, Robert V. â€Å"Trying to Define Terrorism. † Middle East Policy IX. 1 (March 2002): 33-39. Lutz, James Michael, and Brenda J. Lutz. Terrorism Origins and Evolution. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Moghaddam, Fathali M. , and Anthony J. Marsella, eds. Understanding terrorism psychosocial roots, consequences, and interventions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004. Terrorism Research Center, What is the Definition of Terrorism? (n. . ) Available from: Charles Townshend, Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002). Whittaker, David J. Terrorists and terrorism in the contemporary world. London: Routledge, 2004. ———————– [1] Fathali Moghaddam et al. Understanding terrorism psychosocial roots, consequences, and interventions. (Washington: American Psyc hological Association, 2004), 14. [2] Fathali Moghaddam et al. Understanding terrorism, 15. [3] Alex Bisset, ed. â€Å"Terrorism. † The Canadian Oxford Paperback Dictionary. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2000), 1085. 4] Bruce Hoffman. Inside Terrorism. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006), 3. [5] Hoffman. Inside Terrorism, 4. [6] Hoffman. Inside Terrorism, 4. [7] Hoffman. Inside Terrorism, 5. [8] Hoffman. Inside Terrorism, 14. [9] John Baylis et al. Globalization of World Politics an Introduction to International Relations. 3rd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 482. [10] David J Whittaker. Terrorists and terrorism in the contemporary world. (London: Routledge, 2004), 4. [11] Nicholas Fotion et al. Terrorism The New World Disorder (Think Now). New York: Continuum International Group, 2008), 4. [12] Fotion et al. Terrorism The New World Disorder, 4. [13] Fotion et al. Terrorism The New World Disorder, 1. [14] Hoffman. Inside Terrorism, 20. [15] Hoffman. Inside Terrorism , 21. [16] Robert V Keeley. â€Å"Trying to Define Terrorism. † Middle East Policy IX. 1 (March 2002): 34. [17] Keeley. â€Å"Trying to Define Terrorism,† 36. [18] James M. Lutz et al. Lutz, James Michael, and Brenda J. Lutz. Terrorism Origins and Evolution. (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005), 9. [19] Lutz et al. Terrorism Origins and Evolution, 8. How to cite Defining Terrorism, Papers

The Roots Of Affirmative Action Can Be Traced Back To The Essay Example For Students

The Roots Of Affirmative Action Can Be Traced Back To The Essay passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act where legislation redefinedpublic and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate inprivate is legal, but anything regarding business or publicdiscrimination is illegal (Affirmative 13). There are two instanceswhen opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do. Even these two cases dont justify the use of affirmative action. First is the nobility of the cause to help others. Second,affirmative action was a great starter for equality in the work place. The most promanite variable in deciding affirmative action as rightor wrong, is whether or not society is going to treat people as groupsor individuals. Affirmative action is a question of morals. Thesimplicity to form two morals that are both correct but conflicting isthe reason for the division of our nation on affirmative action. Affirmative action is very noble when looking at who benefitsfrom the outcome. Take a closer look at affirmative action. Thepeople that are involved and the damage it takes on our societysurfaces many doubts. Taking a closer look also stirs up a questionof nobility that needs to be answered before making a decision onaffirmative action. Does affirmative action simply change who isdiscriminated against and makes it legal for the new discriminators?Coming from my point of view, the view of a white male, thisis a serious question. One example of this came to my attention fromDave Shiflett who once worked at Rocky Mountain News wrote RockyMountain Hire. In this article he tells about a new hiring strategyused at the Denver news paper Rocky Mountain News. A memo was sentout stating, The job reviews of supervisors and others involved inhiring should address race and sex. Each review should have a hiringgoal of at least half of our hires being women and at least halfnon-white (Shiflett 45). Lets put this strategy to work. We haveten positions to fill, these positions can be filled following theabove guidelines by hiring five black women. It can also be met byhiring five white women and five non-white men. Obviously to meetthis goal successfully would mean to not hire a white male (Shiflett45). I strongly disagree with my white fore fathers and society todaywho both address race and sex when hiring. Using a persons skin colorin hiring is discrimination no matter how society looks at it. At St. Bonaventure University the potential for reversediscrimination became a reality. In May 1994, 22 faculty members werefired, all were male. The president of the university was very bluntabout his motive, to protect the small number of women on theuniversity staff (Magner 18). This was purely a discussion based ongender not qualification. No matter how efficient these men were somewere fired for not being part of a certain minority. Gary A. Abraham,who was fired as a tenured associate professor stated, It seemsludicrous that the university can rectify its failure to engage inaffirmative action on the backs of its male faculty. Twelve of themen took their complaints to the US Equal Employment OpportunityCommission. The commission sided with the men and are even planningto bring the university up on charges themselves (Magner 18). Givingan employer the power to discriminate only towards minorities isunfair and unethical. Now the question is who will the government protect? Societycan not consider its self fair when we are still forming decisionsbased upon gender or race. It is not noble to protect the jobs ofwomen at Bonaventure University simply there are not enough women onthe roster. We should protect the jobs of the experienced. We cannot form a new society from affirmative action and believe the rightsof all United States citizens will be upheld. Thomas Eliot (1328 words) EssayGuadalupe Quintanilla, the assistant Vice President forAcademic Affairs for the University of Houston, stated, Affirmativeaction has been distorted and abused. We need to take a second lookat it. I think affirmative action has opened a lot of doors, but ithas been misrepresented. Im for opportunity, not special treatment. The majority of people in this country are open-minded and willing towork with people without considering their sex or color. So I thinkwe could do away with set asides (Dunkel 42). Problems with equality in our work force and universities cannot be blamed completely on discrimination. The problem today iscolorblind poverty. Affirmative action actually hurts the lowerincome individual of any minority group. Thomas Sowell, in his 1990book, Preferential Policies, used an international survey ofaffirmative action programs to show the consequences. The benefitsof affirmative action went overwhelmingly to people who were alreadybetter off., while the poorer members of the same groups either didnot gain ground or actually fell further behind (Richardson 4C). Thewealthier neighborhoods have better school systems, which in turnoffer greater resources. If we bring equality to our school systems,a rise in minorities in the work force will soon follow. Some universities here in the United States have basedenrollment on College Boards and SATs or ACTs, none of which showintelligence levels. These tests rather show the standards ofeducation that the individual has encountered. The gap between meanSAT scores for black and whites is 938 for whites and 740 forblacks(Shipler 16) These test scores sometimes become thediscrimination against minorities. Another form of evaluatingstudents is where the Universities and government need to focus, toestablish a standard in education that spans across all levels ofincome. Affirmative action is definitely not the answer for equalityin this day in time. Affirmative action has balanced for thirty years on a moralthreat. It is now time to apply new moral threats, not towards theemployers and colleges but towards the government. For it is thegovernment that needs to change its polices. The government needs totake action towards the real problems of equality: poverty, not thebad white man from the past. Affirmative action is simply the sameold discrimination in reverse.